What is Mountain Sickness?
Mountain sickness, also known as altitude sickness, is a condition that occurs when a person ascends to high altitudes too quickly, leading to a lack of oxygen in the body. It commonly affects people who travel above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), especially if they do not allow their bodies enough time to adjust to the reduced oxygen levels.
Mountain sickness is a serious condition that can affect anyone travelling to high altitudes. While mild symptoms are common, they can become life-threatening if ignored. Proper acclimatization, hydration, and awareness are key to preventing altitude sickness. If symptoms worsen, descending immediately is the best course of action.
If you plan to trek or climb in high-altitude regions like - Everest Base Camp(EBC), Annapurna Base Camp(ABC), Everest Three Passes, Peak climbing in Nepal or Annapurna Circuit always be prepared and know the warning signs of altitude sickness. Stay safe and enjoy your adventure!
Mountain sickness can range from mild to severe and, in extreme cases, can be life-threatening if not treated properly.
Types of Mountain Sickness
1. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
- The most common and mild form of altitude sickness.
- Symptoms are similar to a hangover, including headache, dizziness, and nausea.
- Usually resolves with rest and proper acclimatization.
2. High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
- A more severe condition where fluid builds up in the lungs.
- Causes breathing difficulties and can be life-threatening if not treated.
- This can occur even in well-acclimatized individuals.
3. High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
- The most dangerous form of altitude sickness.
- Swelling of the brain due to fluid accumulation.
- Can lead to confusion, loss of coordination, coma, and death if untreated.
Causes of Mountain Sickness
- Low Oxygen Levels: At higher altitudes, the air pressure decreases, leading to lower oxygen availability.
- Rapid Ascent: Climbing too quickly without proper acclimatization increases the risk.
- Individual Susceptibility: Some people are more prone to altitude sickness than others, regardless of fitness level.
- Dehydration: Lack of fluids can worsen the symptoms.
- Overexertion: Excessive physical activity at high altitudes can trigger symptoms.
Symptoms of Mountain Sickness
Mild Symptoms (AMS)
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Difficulty sleeping
- Loss of appetite
Severe Symptoms (HAPE & HACE)
- Persistent cough (sometimes with pink, frothy sputum)
- Extreme shortness of breath, even at rest
- Confusion and difficulty walking (ataxia)
- Bluish skin or lips (due to lack of oxygen)
- Loss of consciousness
Prevention of Mountain Sickness
- Ascend Slowly: Increase altitude gradually, allowing time for acclimatization. A good rule is not to increase sleeping altitude by more than 300–500 meters per day above 3,000 meters.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water but avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine.
- Eat Carbohydrate-Rich Foods: Helps maintain energy levels at high altitudes.
- Take Acclimatization Breaks: Rest for a day or two after every 1,000 meters of ascent.
- Avoid Overexertion: Walk at a steady pace and take regular breaks.
- Medication (if needed):
- Acetazolamide (Diamox): Helps speed up acclimatization.
- Dexamethasone: Used to prevent and treat severe altitude sickness.
- Recognize Symptoms Early: If you or someone else starts feeling unwell, take it seriously and act quickly.
Treatment for Mountain Sickness
For Mild AMS:
- Rest and avoid further ascent until symptoms disappear.
- Drink fluids and eat light meals.
- Take painkillers like ibuprofen or paracetamol for headaches.
- Consider taking Diamox under medical guidance.
For Severe Cases (HAPE & HACE):
- Immediate descent is crucial – go down at least 500–1,000 meters as soon as possible.
- administer supplemental oxygen if available.
- Seek emergency medical help.
- Portable hyperbaric chambers can temporarily help in remote locations.